The choice of applicable laws in a conflict-of-laws situation may be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

• A. designated state's statutes.
• B. center of gravity for the issue in dispute.
• C. the place of contract completion.
• D. related tribunal findings.

Answer: (D)

In conflicts of laws, which jurisdiction’s law applies is driven by where the dispute has its strongest relationship and by any express choice the parties made. A court will look at factors such as a contract’s designation of governing law, the center of gravity for the issue (the place with the most substantial connection to the dispute), and practical connections like where the contract was formed or performed. Related tribunal findings, while they may be informative or persuasive, do not determine which law governs the dispute; they are outcomes of other cases, not the connecting factors used to select the applicable law. Therefore, related tribunal findings do not influence the choice of applicable laws.